Monetary Hegemony is an economic and political phenomenon in which a single state has decisive influence over the functions of the international monetary system. The functions influenced by a monetary hegemon are:
accessibility to international credits,
foreign exchange markets
the management of balance of payments problems in which the hegemon operates under no balance of payments constraint.
The term Monetary Hegemony appeared in Michael Hudson's Super Imperalism, which was first published in 1972. Monetary Hegemony describes not only the asymmetrical relationship that the US dollar has to the global economy, but the strictures of this hegemonic edifice that support it, namely the IMF and the World Bank. The US dollar continues to underpin the world economy and is the key currency for medium of international exchange, unit of account (e.g. pricing of oil), and unit of storage (e.g. treasury bills and bonds).
The international monetary system has borne witness to two monetary hegemons: Britain and the United States
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